What are biomonitoring equivalents?
Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) are defined as the concentration or range of concentrations of a chemical or its metabolite in a biological medium (blood, urine, or other medium) that is consistent with an existing health-based exposure guideline such as a reference dose (RfD) or tolerable daily intake (TDI).
What is area biomonitoring?
Biomonitoring enables public health officials to: • Identify exposure to lead. • Track lead levels over time. • Determine groups at highest risk for lead poisoning. • Assess the effectiveness of intervention programs.
What is biomonitoring data?
Related Pages. Biomonitoring is the direct measurement of people’s exposure to toxic substances by measuring the substances or their metabolites in human specimens, such as blood or urine.
What is biomonitoring in toxicology?
Biomonitoring is the measurement of environmental chemicals and/or their metabolites in biological media such as blood or urine and is an important tool for assessing exposure to both naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals.
What is qualitative biomonitoring?
Biomonitoring involves the use of organisms to assess environmental contamination, such as of surrounding air or water. It can be done qualitatively by observing and noting changes in organisms, or quantitatively by measuring accumulation of chemicals in organism tissues.
Why is biomonitoring important?
Biomonitoring ecosystems is necessary in order to evaluate risks and to efficiently manage ecosystems and their associated services. Agrosystems are the target of multiple stressors that can affect many species through effects cascading along food webs.
What are 5 examples of Bioindicators?
Microbial biomass, fungi, actinomycetes, lichens, as well as the population of earthworms, nematodes, termites, and ants can be used as bioindicators on account of their important role in nutrient cycling, specific soil fertility, soil development, and soil conservation (Anderson, 2003).
What is a good Bioindicator?
Lichens and bryophytes serve as effective bioindicators of air quality because they have no roots, no cuticle, and acquire all their nutrients from direct exposure to the atmosphere.
What is biomonitoring water quality?
Biomonitoring and bioassessment helps clarifying possible causes of degradation not detected by chemical water quality assessment, as nonpoint source pollution, changing river morphology, poor land use, erosion and/or damming.
What is a Bioindicator?
Bioindicators include biological processes, species, or communities and are used to assess the quality of the environment and how it changes over time.
What is biomonitoring summary of benzene?
Biomonitoring Summary. Benzene. CAS No. 71-43-2. Benzene is a volatile chemical that is produced commercially from coal and petroleum sources. It is among the most abundantly produced chemicals in the U.S. and is used extensively as an industrial solvent, in the synthesis of numerous chemicals, and as an additive in unleaded gasoline (ATSDR, 2007).
What is a Biomonitoring Equivalent?
Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) are defined as the concentration or range of concentrations of a chemical or its metabolite in a biological medium (blood, urine, or other medium) that is consistent with an existing health-based exposure guideline such as a reference dose (RfD) or tolerable daily intake (TDI).
What are the primary metabolites of benzene?
The primary benzene metabolites are phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and to a lesser extent, trans, trans -muconic acid, which are eliminated in urine as glucuronide and sulfate conjugates (Ross, 2000). Urinary S-phenylmercapturic and t,t- muconic acids are used for monitoring workplace exposure.
What are the be values for benzene in blood?
The BE values for benzene in blood range from 0.04 to 1.29 μg/L, depending upon the underlying non-cancer risk assessment used in deriving the BE.