How does brefeldin a induce apoptosis?
Brefeldin a induces apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways and inhibits focal adhesion kinase-mediated cell invasion. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol.
How does NOXA induce apoptosis?
Noxa transcription and protein expression can be activated by diverse apoptotic or mitogenic signals in a p53-dependent as well as -independent manner. Noxa exerts its proapoptotic function mainly by neutralizing the prosurvival Bcl2 proteins Mcl1/A1, facilitating activation of Bax and/or Bak proteins.
Does puromycin induce apoptosis?
Puromycin is an aminonuclease antibiotic produced by the soil actinomycete Streptomyces alboniger which induces apoptosis in cells by interfering with RNA function, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis.
What does evading apoptosis mean?
One of the hallmarks of human cancers is the intrinsic or acquired resistance to apoptosis. Evasion of apoptosis can be part of a cellular stress response to ensure the cell’s survival upon exposure to stressful stimuli.
What does NOXA stand for?
Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1
| PMAIP1 | |
|---|---|
| Aliases | PMAIP1, APR, NOXA, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 |
| External IDs | OMIM: 604959 HomoloGene: 88883 GeneCards: PMAIP1 |
| Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 18 (human) Band 18q21.32 Start 59,899,948 bp End 59,904,306 bp |
How do you trigger apoptosis?
In cell lines intrinsic apoptosis can be induced by stimuli including removing growth factor supplements from cell media, exposure to UV light or by exerting other stressful conditions on the cell as shown on the left of Figure 1.
What is NOXA in biology?
Noxa is a BH3-only protein involved in regulating cell death decisions. Noxa is a primary p53-response gene and is upregulated in response to p53 overexpression or DNA damage. Noxa can also be induced by alternative mechanisms including through a hypoxia-response element found in its promoter.
Why is puromycin used?
Puromycin is an aminonucleoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces alboniger. It is a very common antibiotic routinely used by scientists in biomedical research to select cells modified by genetic engineering. It specifically inhibits peptidyl transfer on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes.
What are the processes in apoptosis?
Apoptosis is an orderly process in which the cell’s contents break down and are packaged into small packets of membrane for “garbage collection” by immune cells. It contrasts with necrosis (death by injury), in which the dying cell’s contents spill out and cause inflammation. Apoptosis removes cells during development.
What is the purpose of puromycin?
Puromycin is an antibiotic that prevents bacterial protein translation. It is utilized as a selective agent in laboratory cell cultures. Puromycin is toxic to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, resulting in significant cell death at appropriate doses.
How puromycin inhibits protein synthesis?
Puromycin is a naturally occurring aminonucleoside antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome-catalyzed incorporation into the C-terminus of elongating nascent chains, blocking further extension and resulting in premature termination of translation.
Does gambogic acid affect cell survival and apoptosis in DLBCL cells?
Gambogic acid (GA), a small molecule derived from Chinese herb gamboges, has been approved for Phase II clinical trial for cancer therapy by Chinese FDA. In the present study, we investigated the effect of GA on cell survival and apoptosis in DLBCL cells including both GCB- and ABC-DLBCL cells.
Is gambogic acid (GA) a chemotherapy?
Gambogic acid (GA), a small molecule extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine gamboges12, has been approved by Chinese FDA for phase II clinical trial in solid tumor therapy13,14. Unlike other chemotherapeutics, GA has very low toxicity to the hematopoietic system15,16. Several molecular targets of GA have been proposed17,18.
What is gambogic acid used for?
Gambogic acid (GA), a small molecule extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine gamboges12, has been approved by Chinese FDA for phase II clinical trial in solid tumor therapy13,14. Unlike other chemotherapeutics, GA has very low toxicity to the hematopoietic system15,16.
Is gambogic acid an antagonist of Bcl-2 proteins?
Zhai D. et al.Gambogic acid is an antagonist of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Mol Cancer Ther7, 1639 (2008). [PMC free article][PubMed] [Google Scholar]