What is fickian diffusion?
Simple Fickian diffusion is a process in which the transport of the penetrant (water) is a diffusion process driven by the penetrant concentration gradient. From: Comprehensive Composite Materials, 2000.
What is Fick’s second law used for?
Fick’s 2nd law of diffusion describes the rate of accumulation (or depletion) of concentration within the volume as proportional to the local curvature of the concentration gradient.
What is steady state and non-steady state diffusion?
Steady State Diffusion: Steady state diffusion is a form of diffusion that takes place at a constant rate. Unsteady State Diffusion: Unsteady state diffusion or non-steady state diffusion is a form of diffusion in which the rate of diffusion is a function of time.
What is steady state and non-steady state?
Steady-state and unsteady-state processes describe the time interval that a process occurs over. Steady-state refers to the time where the variable of interest doesn’t change. Unsteady-state is when the variable of interest changes over time.
What is non-steady state diffusion?
Unsteady state diffusion or non-steady state diffusion is a form of diffusion in which the rate of diffusion is a function of time. This means the rate of diffusion is time-dependent. Therefore, the rate of the concentration with distance (dc/dx) is not a constant and the change of concentration with time is not zero.
Which of the following law is used to non-steady state diffusion?
Fick’s second law
Which of the following law is used to non-steady state diffusion? Explanation: Fick’s second law is used to obtain the diffusion coefficient.
What is the difference between steady state and non steady state heat transfer?
The main difference between steady state and unsteady state heat transfer is that in steady-state the temperature at a point in the object does not change with respect to time while in the case of the unsteady state heat transfer the temperature at a specific point in the object increases or decreases with respect to …
How does diffusion occur in polymers?
The diffusion theory takes the view that polymers in contact may interdiffuse, so that the initial boundary is eventually removed. Such interdiffusion will occur only if the polymer chains are mobile (i.e., the temperature must be above the glass transition temperatures) and compatible.
What is diffusivity in chemistry?
Diffusion is the movement of a fluid from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion is a result of the kinetic properties of particles of matter. The particles will mix until they are evenly distributed.
What is the state diffusion theory?
Diffusion theory concerns with the spread of an innovation through a population. Researchers in diffusion theory have developed analytical models for explaining and forecasting the dynamics of diffusion of an innovation (an idea, practice, or object perceived as new by an individual) in a socio-technical system.
What is Super diffusion?
Superdiffusion can be the result of active cellular transport processes or due to jumps with a heavy-tail distribution. If α < 1, the particle undergoes subdiffusion.
What is the difference between fickian and non fickian diffusion?
The main difference between Fickian and Non Fickian Diffusion is the presence or absence of boundaries; there are no boundaries in Fickian diffusion whereas non Fickian diffusion has a sharp boundary separating the highly swollen region from a dry, glassy region.
What is polymer diffusivity?
Diffusion in polymers is complex and the diffusion rates should lie between those in liquids and in solids. It depends strongly on the concentration and degree of swelling of polymers. Consequently, it remains a challenge to understand, predict and control the diffusion of small and large molecules in polymer systems.
What are the principles of diffusion?
A principle of diffusion is that the molecules move around and will spread evenly throughout the medium if they can. However, only the material capable of getting through the membrane will diffuse through it. In this example, the solute cannot diffuse through the membrane, but the water can.
What is diffusivity a function of?
Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero. The rate of this movement is a function of temperature, viscosity of the fluid and the size (mass) of the particles.
What are the 4 elements of diffusion of innovation?
Rogers defines diffusion as “the process in which an innovation is communicated thorough certain channels over time among the members of a social system” (p. 5). As expressed in this definition, innovation, communication channels, time, and social system are the four key components of the diffusion of innovations.
What causes Subdiffusion?
Rather, the observed subdiffusion is caused by molecular crowding.
What does Subdiffusive mean?
subdiffusion (uncountable) (physics) The tendency of particles in a fluid not to diffuse due to random trapping.
What is Super Case II transport?
Case II transport occurs when the sorption is entirely controlled by stress-induced relaxations taking place at a sharp boundary separating an outer swollen shell, essentially at equilibrium penetrant concentration, from an unpenetrated glassy core.
What is meant by term diffusion?
Diffusion is defined as the movement of individual molecules of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration [34].
What are the two main types of diffusion?
Diffusion can be divided into two main types, namely, simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
What is the meaning of diffusivity?
diffusivity. / (ˌdɪfjuːˈsɪvɪtɪ) / noun. a measure of the ability of a substance to transmit a difference in temperature; expressed as the thermal conductivity divided by the product of specific heat capacity and density. physics.
What is diffusivity in liquids?
The characteristic property that determines this speed is called diffusivity—i.e., the ability of a molecule to diffuse through a sea of other molecules. Diffusivities in solids are extremely small, and those in liquids are much smaller than those in gases.
What is diffusion in polymer solids and solutions?
Diffusion in Polymer Solids and Solutions 23 recognized that W increases very rapidly with increasing concentration of impenetrable pieces, and that the two factors increase much mo re rapidly in large molecules than in small ones (Moisan, 1985). Fig. 4.
What is the diffusion coefficient of water in polymers?
81cm2 . The diffusion coefficient of water is reduced to 315 10..91cm2 D se u hen the polymer is filled by silicate nanolayers of Cloisite 15A (Eyvazkhani and Karimi, 2009).
How to control the rate of diffusion of a polymer chain?
Various mechanisms are considered for diffusion, which it is determined by time scale of polymer chain mobility 2. The rate of permeability can be controlled by loading impenetrable nano-fillers into the structure 3.
What is the largest possible ratio of diffusivity between two molecules?
The largest possible ratio of the diffusivity of a molecule through the neat polymer (D) to that of the same molecule through the filled polymer (De) was formulated by several researchers whose equati ons were recently looked over by Sridhar and co-workers (Sridhar, 2006).