What characteristics are shared by all Basidiomycetes?
Basidiomycetes have branched and septate mycelium. They have a long-live dikaryotic stage, which gives rise to basidium. Karyogamy and meiosis occur in basidium.
What are the types of Ascocarps?
There are four types of ascocarps recognized; cleistothecium, perithecium, apothecium and ascostroma.
What is the function of hyphae in fungi?
Hyphae perform a variety of functions in fungi. They contain the cytoplasm or cell sap, including the nuclei containing genetic material. Hyphae absorb nutrients from the environment and transport them to other parts of the thallus (fungus body).
What are the diagnostic features of Basidiomycota?
The most diagnostic feature of the basidiomycetes is the basidium (pl. basidia), a generally club-shaped cell where nuclear fusion (karyogamy) takes place and the structure upon which the sexual spores (basidiospores) are produced.
What is the function of Ascocarps?
The ascocarp undergoes asexual reproduction frequently and involves in the production of haploid conidiophores. This occurs during the presence of single gametes. Likewise, the ascocarp starts sexual reproduction after arising vegetative filaments called hyphae. This is common for both male and female mating strains.
How are Ascocarps formed?
It arises from vegetative filaments (hyphae) after sexual reproduction has been initiated. The ascocarp (in forms called apothecium, cleistothecium [cleistocarp], or perithecium) contain saclike structures (asci) that usually bear four to eight ascospores.
Which are the two functional types of hyphae?
There are two main types of hyphae. Septate hyphae have walls that separate individual cells, while coenocytic hyphae are one long continuous cell without walls.
Why do fungi modify its hyphae?
These types of hyphae are modified differently in a manner that allows them to access and obtain nutrients more effectively. Some of the fungi need more specialized hyphal structures to obtain nutrients from the cells of the host they infect.
Why is Basidiomycota advanced over other fungal groups?
As a group, the basidiomycota have some highly characteristic features, which separate them from other fungi. They are the most evolutionarily advanced fungi, and even their hyphae have a dinstinctly “cellular” composition.
What is unique to Basidiomycota vs Ascomycota?
The main difference between Ascomycota and Basidiomycota is that the Ascomycota includes sac fungi that produce spores inside a sac called the ascus whereas Basidiomycota includes club fungi the produce spores at the end of specialized cells called basidia.
What is Perithecia biology?
Definition of perithecium : a spherical, cylindrical, or flask-shaped hollow fruiting body in various ascomycetous fungi that contains the asci and usually opens by a terminal pore.
What are the modifications of hyphae?
Hyphae are found enveloping the gonidia in lichens, making up a large part of their structure. In nematode-trapping fungi, hyphae may be modified into trapping structures such as constricting rings and adhesive nets. Mycelial cords can be formed to transfer nutrients over larger distances.
What are the modification in fungi?
Modifications of Mycelium Fungi. The majority of fungi have basic hyphae. In some advanced fungi, hyphae may change in response to functional requirements. Hyphal modifications are hyphal aggregations that are necessary during the life cycle of fungi to perform specific functions.
What is another name for pseudothecium?
These locules are also designated as pseudothecia (sing, pseudothecium) or pseudoperithecia or as ascostromata (sing, ascostroma) (Fig. 206D). A pseudothecium may be uni- or multilocular in which asci are borne in the base of the locule.
Where does the wall of the cleistothecium develop?
The wall of the cleistothecium also begins to develop at the same time with the ascus. Tubular outgrowths (Fig. 208B) appear close round the base of the ascogonium on the hyphae which bear it and the antheridial branch.
What is the shape of apothecium?
An Apothecium is a cup- or saucer-shaped ascocarp in which the hymenium remains wide open. The hymenium is uniformly continuous and is developed lining the wide open surface of the apothecium (Fig. 205D). It is made up of asci and paraphyses (Fig. 205E & F).